The M3 Lee, was an American medium tank named after Confederate general Robert E. Lee.
Intended as a replacement for the unsuccessful M2 Medium Tank, the M3 was produced and designed in a rush after the war broke out.
The basis for the M3 proofed to be incredibly successful and the development of the M3 helped to speed up the development of the M4 Sherman.

Even due the M3 was a rushed obsolete, awkward design it served as a front-line tank the entire length of the war and proofed to be really effective in the Pacific campaign, but the high silhouette and main gun position were still a big downside, but it was reliable, had good armor and, great firepower.

In Britain, the tank was called the Grant named after Union general Ulysses S. Grant.
British army didn't like the overall design of the tank, but pushed for it's production since it was the only model suitable for instant mass-production, and it became the warhorse of the British army during 1941-42.

The M3 was produced from 1941 until 1942 and approximately 6,258 were made.

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■ preservedtanks
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■ Some music is from the YouTube Audio Library.

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The Sturmgeschütz IV was more a product of necessity after the heavy Allied bombings when Krupp proposed to design and build an assault gun. As Krupp did not build Panzerkampfwagen IIIs, they used the Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf. H. chassis in combination with a slightly modified StuG III Ausf. G. superstructure.

The StuG IV wasn't really an upgrade to the StuG III, it weight was inferior to that of the StuG III Ausf.G, 23,000 versus 23,900 kg, maximum armor thickness was reached on the superstructure front, with a 80 mm welded plate and the gun itself was the usual 7.5 cm StuK 40 L/48.

The StuG IV was produced from December 1943 to May 1945, with a total of 1,108 plus 31 conversions from damaged Panzer IVs (1139 total).

The StuH 42 was developed in 1942, as a variant of the StuG III Ausf.F with a 105 mm howitzer under the ordnance name Sturmhaubitze 42, Sd.Kfz.142/2. It was a late reversion to the close infantry support rôle, but with a more modern chassis, as more Ausf.F/8s and Ausf.Gs were used for the antitank rôle.
The late version would see many chances to save material and the muzzle break was dropped.
About 1300 vehicles were built by Alkett from March 1943 to March 1945, after an initial delivery of 12 vehicles tested from repaired F and F/8s between the fall of 1942 and January 1943.

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The Japanese Type 97 Chi-Ha was developed by the Japanese in the 1930's, as a replacement for the Type 89 Medium tank which could not keep up with the motorized infantry, which could move at 40 km/h by truck.
The new medium tank was intended to be a scaled-up four-man version of the Type 95 Ha-Go light tank, although with a two-man turret, thicker armor, longer suspension system and more power to maintain performance.

A prototype designated Chi-Ha was completed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and a second prototype was completed in June 1937.
Although the requirement was for a 47 mm gun, it retained the same short-barreled 57 mm gun as the Type 89B tank.
The project was almost canceled for the Type 97 Chi-Ni prototype proposed by Osaka Army Arsenal, which had the same 57 mm main gun, but because of the out-break of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, it was accepted as the new Type 97 medium tank by the army.

Because of the low budget for tank development the Type 97 was still equipped with a Type 97 57 mm gun, it did great as infantry support, but the shortcomings of the Type 97, with its low-velocity 57 mm gun, became clear during the 1939 Battles of Khalkhin Gol against the Soviet Union.
The 45 mm gun of the Soviet BT-5 and BT-7 tanks out-ranged the Japanese tank gun, resulting in heavy Japanese losses.
This would result in the development of a new 47 mm weapon began in 1939 and was completed by 1941.
The new version, designated Type 97-Kai or Shinhoto Chi-Ha, used the 47 mm main gun in its new, larger three-man turret. It replaced the original model in production in 1942.

The Chi-Ha would do great in China during the Second Sino-Japanese War, during the Battle of Malaya and the Battle of Singapore, the Chi-Ha would be superior on the small roads and forcing the defending British forces to abandon much of northern Malaya.
One key to the overall Japanese military successes in Malaya and Singapore was the unexpected appearance of their tanks in areas where the British did not believe tanks could be fielded. The thick and wet jungle terrain did not turn out to be a decisive obstacle for the generally light Japanese tanks.

The Type 97 Shinhoto Chi-Ha tanks were first used in combat in the battle of Corregidor in 1942. The updated 47 mm gun was easily capable of dealing with the armor of the American M3 Stuart light tanks, although in later combat service it was shown only to be effective against the sides and rear of the M4 Sherman medium tank.
In the late stages of the war the Japanese Army seldom made major armored attacks during the Pacific War due to the limited maneuvering areas that prevailed on islands in the South Pacific ocean, so they would be forced to do senseless banzai charges, like the one at Battle of Saipan on the night of 16–17 June, which led them to lose 44 tanks in one night without really any real result.

After the war the Republic of China and the later People's Liberation Army would use the Chi-Ha tank in there army.

九七式中戦車 チハ（きゅうななしきちゅうせんしゃ チハ）は、1930年代中後期に開発・採用された大日本帝国陸軍の主力中戦車である。

1938年（昭和13年）から1944年（昭和19年）にかけて総計2,123輌が生産され、九五式軽戦車 ハ号とともに第二次世界大戦における日本軍の主力戦車として使用された

1936年（昭和11年）、日本陸軍において歩兵の直接支援のための戦車として開発が開始された。新型中戦車の開発に当たっては速度性能、車体溶接の検討、避弾経始(原文表記では緩角傾始)を考慮した車体設計など防御性能の向上が求められたが、当時の道路状況、架橋資材その他の状況から車両重量増が最大のネックとなった。重量増を忍び性能の充実を求める声と、防御・速度性能を忍んでも重量の逓減を優先する意見の双方があり、双方のコンセプトに沿った車両を試作し比較試験することとなった。主砲についてはどちらも八九式中戦車の主砲と同等とされた。

陸軍技術本部は、前者を甲案（後のチハ車。予定重量13.5トン）、後者を乙案（後のチニ車、予定重量10トン）として設計を開始した。甲案は砲塔に2人が配置され、八九式中戦車と同じく車載機関銃は2挺とされた。対して乙案は砲塔は1人用に小型化され後部機関銃は省略、車載機関銃は車体前面の1挺のみとされた。甲案（チハ車）の砲塔自体の容積は八九式中戦車とほぼ同等であり、戦闘室容積も同様であるが、砲塔中径（ターレットリング径）には余裕を持たせており、将来の主砲の大口径化による砲塔換装が考慮されていた。

設計案の検討時点では、参謀本部側は甲案の12トン程度への軽量化を要求したものの、技術本部からの不可能との回答を得て、性能差を忍び乙案を大量配備する方針に転換した。性能差は配備数の増加で補えるという意図であるが、同時に甲案の開発継続も要望してもいる。これに対して陸軍戦車学校側は2人用砲塔の甲案が絶対的に優位としていた。装甲・速度性能に関しては乙案でも許容可能だが、戦闘力発揮のためには2人用砲塔が必須との主張であった。一方、新戦車の開発は急がれており、結果的に妥協点を見出せないまま双方を試作して検討する形になってしまう。この混乱が後の試製九八式中戦車チホの開発の一因とされる。

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■ the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzers
■ preservedtanks
■ pantser.net
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■ Some music is from the YouTube Audio Library.

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Copyright fair use notice

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Footage is all AI colorized by computers and actual color footage was extremely rare in 1940-45.

The Tiger I was a German heavy tank developed in 1937 by Henschel & Sohn when the Waffenamt requested Henschel to develop a Durchbruchwagen, this would result into the Durchbruchwagen I
which would never be fitted with a turret and was replaced by the Durchbruchwagen II after the request for a heavier 30-tonne class vehicle with thicker armour.
The project was dropped in 1938 in favor of the larger and better-armoured VK 30.01 (H) and VK 36.01 (H), these vehicles would use the complex over-engineered Schachtellaufwerk track suspension system of torsion bar-sprung, overlapped and interleaved main road wheels, which would later become problematic when jamming solid in the winter.
Four prototype hulls were completed for testing. Two of these were later modified to build the "Sturer Emil" self-propelled anti-tank guns.

In 1941 with the experience of the Battle of France, Henschel and Ferdinand Porsche were asked to submit designs for a 45-tonne heavy tank, to be ready by June 1942. Porsche worked on an updated version of their VK 30.01 (P) Leopard tank prototype while Henschel worked on an improved VK 36.01 (H) tank. Henschel built two prototypes: a VK 45.01 (H) H1 with an 8.8 cm L/56 cannon, and a VK 45.01 (H) H2 with a 7.5 cm L/70 cannon.

Porsche and Henschel submitted prototype designs, each making use of the Krupp-designed turret. The Henschel design was accepted, mainly because the Porsche VK 4501 (P) prototype design used a troubled petrol-electric transmission system.
Production of the Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. H began in August 1942.
The tank was given its nickname "Tiger" by Ferdinand Porsche, and the Roman numeral was added after the Tiger II entered production.
The initial designation was Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausführung H was re-designated as PzKpfw VI Ausf. E in March 1943.

The Tiger was still at the prototype stage when it was first hurried into service, and therefore changes both large and small were made throughout the production run. A redesigned turret with a lower cupola was the most significant change. To cut costs, the river-fording submersion capability and an external air-filtration system were dropped.
It would first see action near Leningrad on 23 Sep. 1942 months earlier than had been planned. A platoon of 4 Tigers went into action, they could not operate in swampy, forested terrain, their movement was largely confined to roads and tracks, also many of these early models were plagued by problems with the transmission and many broke down, the Soviets also captured one Tiger largely intact, it enabled the Soviets to study the design and prepare countermeasures.

In the North African Campaign, the Tiger I first saw action during the Tunisian Campaign on 1 December 1942 east of Tebourba. The tanks proved that they had excellent protection from enemy fire, this greatly increased the crews trust in the quality of the armour, the crews also found the tank to be spacious and comfortable.

The Tiger proved to have great armament and was a outstanding design for its time, its armour which was resistant to tank and anti-tank guns of the time. and the 88 could knock out enemy Sherman tanks at 2,100 m and the T-34 at 1500 m, but with Allied tanks becoming more up-armored and upgraded and having better guns like the M3 90 mm cannon used on the M36 tank destroyer, made the Tiger vastly obsolete in the end.
The Tiger was also over-engineered using expensive materials and labor-intensive production methods, it was prone track failures and breakdowns and was limited in range by its high fuel consumption. It was also hard to transport and was often too heavy for small bridges which had 35 ton weight limits.

Still it was superior to its early contemporaries, and despite the low number produced, shortages in qualified crew and the considerable fuel requirement, it had a large impact in the war with Tigers destroying at least 10,300 enemy tanks, and 11,380 AT guns and artillery pieces in WW2. This was achieved for the loss of 1,725 Tigers.

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WW2 Type 97 Chi-Ha Wakajishi Tank School - 九七式中戦車 チハ 陸軍少年戦車兵学校 - Footage.

The Imperial Japanese Army Youth Tank Soldier School is an educational institution of the Imperial Japanese Army located in Fujinomiya City, Shizuoka Prefecture, which most of this newsreel is filmed at.

The Japanese Type 97 Chi-Ha was developed by the Japanese in the 1930's, as a replacement for the Type 89 Medium tank which could not keep up with the motorized infantry, which could move at 40 km/h by truck.
The new medium tank was intended to be a scaled-up four-man version of the Type 95 Ha-Go light tank, although with a two-man turret, thicker armor, longer suspension system and more power to maintain performance.

A prototype designated Chi-Ha was completed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and a second prototype was completed in June 1937.
Although the requirement was for a 47 mm gun, it retained the same short-barreled 57 mm gun as the Type 89B tank.
The project was almost canceled for the Type 97 Chi-Ni prototype proposed by Osaka Army Arsenal, which had the same 57 mm main gun, but because of the out-break of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, it was accepted as the new Type 97 medium tank by the army.

Because of the low budget for tank development the Type 97 was still equipped with a Type 97 57 mm gun, it did great as infantry support, but the shortcomings of the Type 97, with its low-velocity 57 mm gun, became clear during the 1939 Battles of Khalkhin Gol against the Soviet Union.
The 45 mm gun of the Soviet BT-5 and BT-7 tanks out-ranged the Japanese tank gun, resulting in heavy Japanese losses.
This would result in the development of a new 47 mm weapon began in 1939 and was completed by 1941.
The new version, designated Type 97-Kai or Shinhoto Chi-Ha, used the 47 mm main gun in its new, larger three-man turret. It replaced the original model in production in 1942.

The Chi-Ha would do great in China during the Second Sino-Japanese War, during the Battle of Malaya and the Battle of Singapore, the Chi-Ha would be superior on the small roads and forcing the defending British forces to abandon much of northern Malaya.
One key to the overall Japanese military successes in Malaya and Singapore was the unexpected appearance of their tanks in areas where the British did not believe tanks could be fielded. The thick and wet jungle terrain did not turn out to be a decisive obstacle for the generally light Japanese tanks.

The Type 97 Shinhoto Chi-Ha tanks were first used in combat in the battle of Corregidor in 1942. The updated 47 mm gun was easily capable of dealing with the armor of the American M3 Stuart light tanks, although in later combat service it was shown only to be effective against the sides and rear of the M4 Sherman medium tank.
In the late stages of the war the Japanese Army seldom made major armored attacks during the Pacific War due to the limited maneuvering areas that prevailed on islands in the South Pacific ocean, so they would be forced to do senseless banzai charges, like the one at Battle of Saipan on the night of 16–17 June, which led them to lose 44 tanks in one night without really any real result.

After the war the Republic of China and the later People's Liberation Army would use the Chi-Ha tank in there army.

九七式中戦車 チハ（きゅうななしきちゅうせんしゃ チハ）は、1930年代中後期に開発・採用された大日本帝国陸軍の主力中戦車である。

1938年（昭和13年）から1944年（昭和19年）にかけて総計2,123輌が生産され、九五式軽戦車 ハ号とともに第二次世界大戦における日本軍の主力戦車として使用された

1936年（昭和11年）、日本陸軍において歩兵の直接支援のための戦車として開発が開始された。新型中戦車の開発に当たっては速度性能、車体溶接の検討、避弾経始(原文表記では緩角傾始)を考慮した車体設計など防御性能の向上が求められたが、当時の道路状況、架橋資材その他の状況から車両重量増が最大のネックとなった。重量増を忍び性能の充実を求める声と、防御・速度性能を忍んでも重量の逓減を優先する意見の双方があり、双方のコンセプトに沿った車両を試作し比較試験することとなった。主砲についてはどちらも八九式中戦車の主砲と同等とされた。

陸軍技術本部は、前者を甲案（後のチハ車。予定重量13.5トン）、後者を乙案（後のチニ車、予定重量10トン）として設計を開始した。甲案は砲塔に2人が配置され、八九式中戦車と同じく車載機関銃は2挺とされた。対して乙案は砲塔は1人用に小型化され後部機関銃は省略、車載機関銃は車体前面の1挺のみとされた。甲案（チハ車）の砲塔自体の容積は八九式中戦車とほぼ同等であり、戦闘室容積も同様であるが、砲塔中径（ターレットリング径）には余裕を持たせており、将来の主砲の大口径化による砲塔換装が考慮されていた。

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■ Music used:
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Copyright fair use notice

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All footage and images
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Footage is all AI colorized by computers and actual color footage was extremely rare in 1940-45.
0:05 is actual real color footage filmed by the German army.

The role of a self-propelled gun came from combat experiences in World War I and from Von Manstein’s “Sturmartillerie” concept. During the German offensives on the Allied front, infantry lacked artillery support against fortifications in places out-ranged by their heavy artillery behind the lines. A need for a mobile artillery piece was necessary to keep up with the German infantry and fight enemy fortifications with a direct-fire assault role.

On June 15, 1936, Daimler-Benz AG was ordered to develop a support vehicle mounting the 75 mm howitzer as its armament in a casemate structure with a traverse of 25 degrees. The vehicle was to provide full protection for its crew and be no taller than an average soldier. Daimler-Benz repurposed the chassis and running gear of their Panzer III design for the role. These new vehicles were named the Sturmgeschütz III, and the finished designs were sent to Alkett for prototype production and five were produced in 1937.
These prototypes were made of mild steel and had the 75 mm StuK 37 L/24 cannon, an adaption of the original 75 mm KwK 37 cannon on the Panzer IV. This gun would be featured on the StuG III variants Ausf. A to Ausf. E.
The StuG III entered production from January 1940 to the end of the war on April 1945 due to the many upgrades done on the vehicle to increase serviceability and its low cost. At about a total production of 11,300 StuG III and its variants, the StuG III design was the most produced armoured fighting vehicle in German service.

Only 36 Ausf.As were produced by Daimler-Benz AG between January and May 1940.
The Ausf.C was nearly identical to previous versions and was only produced for a single month.
The Ausf.D was virtually identical, only receiving an on-board intercom. 150 were delivered between May and September 1941. It was simply an upgrade of the C on the production line.

Footage is all AI colorized by computers and actual color footage was extremely rare in 1940-45.
The Ausf.F was an huge improvement and to counter the new Soviet tanks AFV had an urgent need for high velocity guns. It appeared on the production line in March 1942. it had the new 7.5 cm StuK 40 L/43. This 3.3 m had a muzzle velocity of 740 m/s when fed with the armor-piercing Panzergranat-Patrone 39. This new StuG was enough to destroy the most common T-34 tanks and saw the role of the StuG shifting from an infantry support vehicle to the famous tank destroyer.

Another change was the exhaust fan added to the rooftop. By June 1942, with the production rate increasing, 30 mm appliqué armor was bolted to the lower frontal plate, while the gun was upgraded to the StuK 40 L/48. In total, 366 were produced until September 1942.

The Ausf.F8 appeared in September 1942 and 250 vehicles were built up to December. The name was derived from the chassis version of the Panzer III it was based on, the 8th, or Ausf.J/L, which had increased rear armor. The hull was characterized by towing hook holes extended from the side walls. It was armed, with the 7.5 cm StuK 40 L/48. After October, 30 mm of appliqué armor were bolted on to the front during the production run. Some were later retrofitted with side skirt armor (shurtzen).

The Ausf G stood apart from the other production versions. It was, in essence, the main production run for the entire StuG series, with more than 8400 rolling of the line from December 1942 to April 1945. to reduce costs the G was simplification and standardization. with a new simplified superstructure. the casemate sides were extended for extra storage allowed to store even more rounds and the side sloped armored boxes were eliminated The engine/fighting compartment rear wall was strengthened, the ventilation fan relocated further back and appliqué armor was standardized. Furthermore, the upper MG 34 was factory-fitted, protected by a squared mask.

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One of the famous shots that's often labeled as a shell bunch, because it looks like a shell or round hits the back of the Stuart and bounces off the back, could this be fragment of the 35MM film, or a tracer-round, are the soldiers actually reacting to this, or not? Let's find out in the video.

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■ Information obtained from several sites.
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■ the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzers
■ preservedtanks
■ pantser.net
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

■ Some music is from the YouTube Audio Library.

■ Music used:
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Originally uploaded on 1 aug. 2021.

WW2 M5A1 Stuart Light Tank Pacific - Africa - Italy footage.

The M3 Light tank was developed after the American tank designers realized that the Light Tank M2 was becoming obsolete and set about improving it, the M2 was based upon the prototype T2 light tank built by Rock Island Arsenal, after it became clear that the US Army was ill-prepared as far as armored vehicles, training and tactics went. and in 1939 it became clear that a new model, which could be favorably compared to the European models, had to be studied for mass production.

The upgraded design, had thicker armor, and for the time the M3 was heavily armored for a Light Tank, it also had modified suspension and new gun recoil system and would be called the Light Tank M3. Production of the vehicle started in March 1941 and continued until October 1943.
The M3 was initially armed with a 37 mm M5 gun and five .30-06 Browning M1919A4 machine guns, on top of the turret in an M20 anti-aircraft mount, in a ball mount in right bow, and in the right and left hull sponsons. Later, the gun was replaced with the slightly longer M6, and the sponson machine guns were removed.

The M3A3 was a new design based on the experience made by the English in North Africa, The A3 would have a gyro-stabilizer, hydraulically controlled turret, and would have the side armament removed by a new frame made of welded steel sheets, with the Continental W-670 gasoline engine.
It would also get new access hatches on the top hull, and the radio equipment was moved to the rear of the turret.
M3 would be replaced by the M4, which was later re designated M5 to avoid confusion with the M4 Sherman. The M5 which was developed to relieve the use of radial aero-engines, so the M5 was developed to fit twin Cadillac V8 and had a twin Hydra-Matic transmissions operating through a transfer case.
It would have a raised rear deck over the engine compartment, sloped glacis plate and driver's hatches moved to the top, and the M5A1 would see a new turret, the new M5 would be quieter, cooler and roomier, but would still have the same 37 mm gun, which lacked firepower, so the M5 would be replaced for the Light Tank M24 in 1944, after 8,885 M5 and M5A1 tanks were produced.

The M3 and M5 would be used by many countries after the war, countries like The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Australia, Japan, South Korea, People's Republic of China, Taiwan, Colombia, Cuba, and Paraguay are still using the M3 for training today.

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■ Information obtained from several sites.
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■ tanks-encyclopedia
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■ preservedtanks
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Footage is all AI colorized by computers and actual color footage was extremely rare in 1940-45.

The Marder II was a German tank destroyer developed during WWII after it became evident during Operation Barbarossa that the German army needed a mobile and powerful enough anti-tank weapon.

it was decided to use surplus light tanks, like the Panzer II, and captured vehicles, like the Lorraine Schlepper, as the basis for makeshift tank destroyers. The result was the Marder series, which were armed with either the new 7.5 cm Pak 40 anti-tank guns or captured Soviet 7.62 cm F-22 Model 1936 field guns.

The Marder II came in two major versions, one based on the light Panzer II Ausf. D/E, with a new torsion bar suspension featuring four large road wheels, and would be armed with a captured Soviet 7.62 cm gun.
The second version was based on the Panzer II Ausf. F hulls. This Marder II had a redesigned fighting compartment, silhouette was lowered by about 40 cm to 2.20 m and used the German 75 mm Pak 40 anti-tank gun.

The various Marder IIs produced fought on all European fronts of the war, however, there was a large concentration of these on the Eastern Front.
Because of the combination of a high silhouette, thin armour and open-top fighting compartment made the Marder II vulnerable to indirect artillery fire, aircraft strafing, and grenades.
Despite their weaknesses, they were more effective than the towed antitank guns that they replaced

The Marder II would be produced from 1942 until 1943 and 863 were built.

The Marder III would be based onto the obsolete Panzer 38(t), the chassis was still an excellent and plentiful platform for adaptation into a tank destroyer, and production of the Marder III would start in 1942. It would have either the Soviet 76.2 mm field gun or the 7.5 cm PaK 40.
Three versions would be build the Sd.Kfz. 139, and the Sd.Kfz. 138 Ausf.H. and M.
The Ausf. H would fielded the standard 7.5 cm PaK 40 German anti-tank gun on a slightly modified Panzer 38(t) Ausf. H chassis, with the engine in the back.
The Ausf.M. was based upon the Geschützwagen 38(t) Ausf. M, again armed with the 75 mm PaK 40 anti-tank gun.
The the engine was moved from the rear to the middle between driver and the rest of the crew. Because there was no engine in the rear, the gun and the crew did not have to sit on top of the engine deck as in previous models, this allowed the crew to stay low.
It was a significant improvement over previous models, with its lower silhouette, sloped armor, and much more functional fighting compartment.

The various Marder III’s fought on all European fronts and in North Africa, with the Sd. Kfz. 139 being used mainly at the Eastern Front, though some also fought in Tunisia.
The Marder III’s were mechanically reliable, as with all vehicles based on the Czechoslovak LT-38 chassis. Their firepower was sufficient to destroy the majority of Soviet tanks on the battlefield at combat range.
But just like the Marder II the combination of a high silhouette and open-top armor protection made them vulnerable to indirect artillery fire. The armor was also quite thin, making them highly vulnerable to enemy tanks, and to close-range machine gun fire.

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■ Information obtained from several sites.
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■ tanks-encyclopedia
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzers
■ preservedtanks
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■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

■ Some music is from the YouTube Audio Library.

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Footage is all AI colorized by computers and actual color footage was extremely rare in 1940-45.

The Panther was a German medium tank developed in 1938 out of a project to replace the Panzer III and IV called the VK 20 series and design proposals were send in by Krupp, Daimler Benz and MAN.
The VK20 design was abandoned as the requirements increased to a vehicle weighing 30 tonnes after he German army encountered the Soviet T-34 and KV-1 tanks.
This would lead to the VK 30.02(DB) design, which would resemble the T-34 in hull and turret and i would also be powered by a diesel engine.
The two designs were reviewed from January to March 1942.
The MAN design embodied a more conventional configuration, with the transmission and drive sprocket in the front and a centrally mounted turret and the Daimler-Benz design was viewed to be superior to MAN's design. But because the MAN design used an existing turret designed by Rheinmetall-Borsig, and a mild steel prototype of the MAN design was produced by September 1942 and, after testing at Kummersdorf, it would be officially accepted.
In January 1943 MAN produced the first production series Panther Ausf.D tank.
It would be called the Panzerkampfwagen V Panther until 27 February 1944, when it was ordered that the Roman numeral "V" be deleted.

The early Panther tanks were eventually send back in April through May 1943 for a major rebuilding program, because of major breakdowns.
Petrol leaks from the fuel pump and fuel-lines were also a problem and would produced fires in the engine compartment, this problem was never really solved and the Panther was the actual real Ronson tank.

Later versions of the Panther would be the A and G, and the last version was the F which would never see any action.

The Ausf G saw several changes, most people always seem to think this has to do with the turret, but the turret and 7.5cm Kw.K L/70 gun was the same one used on the earlier Ausf.A.
On 4 May 1944, during a meeting at the M.A.N. company, a decision was made to design a new Panther tank chassis. Work had already started on developing a new version of the Panther tank called Panther II but that was far from completion. Some of the lessons learnt from that design process were used in formulating the plans for the Ausf.G tank chassis.
The new chassis pannier side armor was sloped at 29 degrees. The thickness in the armor was increased from 40 mm to 50 mm and the rear side armor wedges at the end of the superstructure were not part of the new design.
A perceived weak spot was the driver’s armored vision port cut into the front glacis plate. This was deleted in the design of the Ausf.G chassis. and the total look of the chassis was changed and this is also the way to identify a Panther Ausf, G.
There were many other minor changes but the overall thinking behind the design was to simplify the construction process to enable more tanks to be built as fast as possible.
Another simplification of the production process was to introduce less complicated hinged hatches above the heads of the driver and radio operator.
Some problems were never to be solved like the petrol leaks from the fuel pump and fuel-lines.
A few minor changes were made to the turret during the production and a new gun mantle was gradually introduced. It had a ‘chin’ guard to stop enemy armor piercing shells ricocheting off the bottom of the mantel and penetrating the roof of the chassis, but this is a a extreme rarity on the Ausf.G.

The Ausf.G was, however, not the last Panther version. Two major overhauls were attempted, the Panther II and the Ausf.F.

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■ pantser.net
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

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The Japanese Type 97 Chi-Ha was developed by the Japanese in the 1930's, as a replacement for the Type 89 Medium tank which could not keep up with the motorized infantry, which could move at 40 km/h by truck.
The new medium tank was intended to be a scaled-up four-man version of the Type 95 Ha-Go light tank, although with a two-man turret, thicker armor, longer suspension system and more power to maintain performance.

A prototype designated Chi-Ha was completed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and a second prototype was completed in June 1937.
Although the requirement was for a 47 mm gun, it retained the same short-barreled 57 mm gun as the Type 89B tank.
The project was almost canceled for the Type 97 Chi-Ni prototype proposed by Osaka Army Arsenal, which had the same 57 mm main gun, but because of the out-break of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, it was accepted as the new Type 97 medium tank by the army.

Because of the low budget for tank development the Type 97 was still equipped with a Type 97 57 mm gun, it did great as infantry support, but the shortcomings of the Type 97, with its low-velocity 57 mm gun, became clear during the 1939 Battles of Khalkhin Gol against the Soviet Union.
The 45 mm gun of the Soviet BT-5 and BT-7 tanks out-ranged the Japanese tank gun, resulting in heavy Japanese losses.
This would result in the development of a new 47 mm weapon began in 1939 and was completed by 1941.
The new version, designated Type 97-Kai or Shinhoto Chi-Ha, used the 47 mm main gun in its new, larger three-man turret. It replaced the original model in production in 1942.

The Chi-Ha would do great in China during the Second Sino-Japanese War, during the Battle of Malaya and the Battle of Singapore, the Chi-Ha would be superior on the small roads and forcing the defending British forces to abandon much of northern Malaya.
One key to the overall Japanese military successes in Malaya and Singapore was the unexpected appearance of their tanks in areas where the British did not believe tanks could be fielded. The thick and wet jungle terrain did not turn out to be a decisive obstacle for the generally light Japanese tanks.

The Type 97 Shinhoto Chi-Ha tanks were first used in combat in the battle of Corregidor in 1942. The updated 47 mm gun was easily capable of dealing with the armor of the American M3 Stuart light tanks, although in later combat service it was shown only to be effective against the sides and rear of the M4 Sherman medium tank.
In the late stages of the war the Japanese Army seldom made major armored attacks during the Pacific War due to the limited maneuvering areas that prevailed on islands in the South Pacific ocean, so they would be forced to do senseless banzai charges, like the one at Battle of Saipan on the night of 16–17 June, which led them to lose 44 tanks in one night without really any real result.

After the war the Republic of China and the later People's Liberation Army would use the Chi-Ha tank in there army.

九七式中戦車 チハ（きゅうななしきちゅうせんしゃ チハ）は、1930年代中後期に開発・採用された大日本帝国陸軍の主力中戦車である。

1938年（昭和13年）から1944年（昭和19年）にかけて総計2,123輌が生産され、九五式軽戦車 ハ号とともに第二次世界大戦における日本軍の主力戦車として使用された

1936年（昭和11年）、日本陸軍において歩兵の直接支援のための戦車として開発が開始された。新型中戦車の開発に当たっては速度性能、車体溶接の検討、避弾経始(原文表記では緩角傾始)を考慮した車体設計など防御性能の向上が求められたが、当時の道路状況、架橋資材その他の状況から車両重量増が最大のネックとなった。重量増を忍び性能の充実を求める声と、防御・速度性能を忍んでも重量の逓減を優先する意見の双方があり、双方のコンセプトに沿った車両を試作し比較試験することとなった。主砲についてはどちらも八九式中戦車の主砲と同等とされた。

陸軍技術本部は、前者を甲案（後のチハ車。予定重量13.5トン）、後者を乙案（後のチニ車、予定重量10トン）として設計を開始した。甲案は砲塔に2人が配置され、八九式中戦車と同じく車載機関銃は2挺とされた。対して乙案は砲塔は1人用に小型化され後部機関銃は省略、車載機関銃は車体前面の1挺のみとされた。甲案（チハ車）の砲塔自体の容積は八九式中戦車とほぼ同等であり、戦闘室容積も同様であるが、砲塔中径（ターレットリング径）には余裕を持たせており、将来の主砲の大口径化による砲塔換装が考慮されていた。

設計案の検討時点では、参謀本部側は甲案の12トン程度への軽量化を要求したものの、技術本部からの不可能との回答を得て、性能差を忍び乙案を大量配備する方針に転換した。性能差は配備数の増加で補えるという意図であるが、同時に甲案の開発継続も要望してもいる。これに対して陸軍戦車学校側は2人用砲塔の甲案が絶対的に優位としていた。装甲・速度性能に関しては乙案でも許容可能だが、戦闘力発揮のためには2人用砲塔が必須との主張であった。一方、新戦車の開発は急がれており、結果的に妥協点を見出せないまま双方を試作して検討する形になってしまう。この混乱が後の試製九八式中戦車チホの開発の一因とされる。

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■ Information obtained from several sites.
■ Wikipedia
■ tanks-encyclopedia
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzers
■ preservedtanks
■ pantser.net
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

■ Some music is from the YouTube Audio Library.

■ Music used:
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Copyright fair use notice

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Footage is all AI colorized by computers and actual color footage was extremely rare in 1940-45.
0:17 is actuall real color footage filmed by a civilian.
0:45 ia actuall real color footage filmed by the Germans in a rare color training film.

The Panzerkampfwagen IV was designed as the Versuchs-Kraftfahrzeug 622 in 1934 and went into production in 1937, and would fit the the short barrel 75 mm gun, and this would stay the same for the Ausf. A to F.

It would be a a support tank to be used to handle anti-tank guns and fortifications, it would work alongside the more numerable Panzer III in Panzer Divisions, but would changes it's roll in the later part of the war.

The Panzer IV Ausf.A production started in 1937 and ended in June 1938, it was similar to the B.W.I Prototype and production would stop after 35 vehicles had been completed, the Ausf.B went into production 1938 which had several changes to the A, with more frontal armour without a ball mount for the MG-34 machine gun, a new 300hp Maybach HL-120TR engine, transmission, single-piece hatches and commander’s cupola.

The A and B almost didn't have any external differences and it only had a improved modified engine, engine mounts, new turret ring and armored sleeve mount around the machine gun barrel.

The Ausf.D had numerous changes made to the front hull armour, and looked more like the Ausf.A, the ball mounted MG-34 machine gun was reintroduced and the driver’s front was fitted forwards again.

The Ausf.F or F1, first called the F at an early stage, was the last of the Panzer IV that fitted the short 75 mm gun, it would again see changes in it's suspension, with larger track links, with new idler wheels and front drive sprockets to reduce ground pressure, this was done because of the new additional armour increase.

The Ausf.F2 or the early Ausf.G started it's production in February 1942, after development started in 1941 to mount the Pak 38 L/60 into the turret of the Panzer IV, and a prototype was ready in November, but with new Russian tanks like KV-1s and T-34s, the 38 was dropped in favor of the new Pak 40 L/46 and a new gun was produced, the KwK 40 L/43 was fitted with a muzzle-brake and the first prototype was ready in 1942.
But in June 1942, the F2 was renamed Ausf.G, and this would pretty much make every long barreled Panzer IV, the Ausf.G.

The Ausf.G had numerous changes, like the elimination of the turret vision ports, the cupola was up-armored and modified, additional racks and brackets for spare road wheels and track links were added, the engine ventilation was improved. and some changes made to the armour, with an additional 30 mm to the frontal-glacis and changes to the armour to make the tank lighter, but it wasn't enough for the limited capacity of the chassis and transmission.

The late production introduced in March-April 1943, had the new side skirt armor fitted (Schürzen) to the sides and turret, and would also receive the new KwK 40 L/48, and smoke grenade launchers to the side of the turret.

From 1942 until 1943 1275 early Ausf.G tanks were produced and 412 later types.

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■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

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Dummy tanks superficially resemble real tanks and are often deployed as a means of military deception in the absence of real tanks. Early designs included wooden shells and inflatable props that could fool enemy intelligence, but they were fragile and only believable from a distance. Modern designs are more advanced and can imitate heat signatures, making them more effective illusions.

Dummy tanks were used in Operation Fortitude prior to the landings at the Normandy Beaches. During this operation, they were used to confuse German intelligence in two ways: first, by making it seem that the Allies had more tanks than they did; and second, to hide and downplay the importance of the location of their real tanks in order to make it seem that the invasion would occur at Pas-de-Calais rather than at Normandy.

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The Japanese Type 95 Ha-Go was developed by the Japanese in 1930, as a replacement for the Type 89 Medium tank which could not keep up with the motorized infantry, which could move at 40 km/h by truck.
Tomio Hara of the Army Technical Bureau proposed a new light tank capable of 40 km/h speed and started development in 1933.

The first prototype would be tested in 1934, due to doubts by the infantry as to its capability for infantry support it was tested in Manchuria in the winter of 1934/1935.
The Type 95 was still superior to the available alternatives of the Type 92 cavalry tank and Type 94, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries started production of the tank in 1936 and Mass production began in 1938.

The Type 95 was a 7.4-ton vehicle with a complement of 3 crewmen: a commander, a hull machine gunner, and a driver. Only the commander was seated in the turret, hence he was responsible for observation, loading, aiming, firing the main gun, as well as decision-making and commanding the crew.

The tank was considered one of the best of its type in 1935, being armed with a 37 mm cannon, and powered by a diesel engine, a fuel considered by some to be superior due to its low volatility.
It would serve as cavalry reconnaissance and to a lesser extent, as raiding vehicles. Its speed was about 18 mph cross country, which was comparable to the M3 Stuart's 20 mph nearly 6 years later in 1941.
By 1941 it would be far inferior in armour but would still be a competitive
because of it's mobility on small roads of the islands it saw combat on.

Type 95 proved sufficient against opposing infantry in campaigns in Manchuria and China, however it was not designed to fight other tanks, but for infantry support, the hand-operated turret was small and extremely cramped and it short wheelbase made it a bit of a uncomfortable ride.

The Type 95 would be produced from 1936 until 1943 and would see action on almost all the the Japanese held island, it would be outclassed in anyway in the later staged of the war, by the Sherman tank.

Production number would reach 2,300 at the end of the war.

九五式軽戦車（きゅうごしきけいせんしゃ）は、1930年代中期に大日本帝国で開発・採用された戦車（軽戦車）。秘匿名称「ハ号」※「ハゴ」、「ハゴ車」は誤り。（「イ号」は八九式中戦車、「ロ号」は九五式重戦車）。

日本戦車としては最多の2,378輛が生産され、九七式中戦車 チハ（チハ車）とともに第二次世界大戦で活躍し、日本軍の代表的な軽戦車として知られている。

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■ Information obtained from several sites.
■ Wikipedia
■ tanks-encyclopedia
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzers
■ preservedtanks
■ pantser.net
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

■ Some music is from the YouTube Audio Library.

■ Music used:
EpidemicSound.com

Copyright fair use notice

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Footage is all AI colorized by computers and actual color footage was extremely rare in 1940-45.

The Panzerkampfwagen III was a German tank that was used in WW2,
development started in 1936 and in 1937 a few Ausf. A tanks came off the assembly line and after several tests, production started in 1939 for the Ausf. F.
The Panzer III was originally designed to fight other tanks and support the Panzer IV which was originally designed for infantry support.

But when the Germans faced the T-34 and the Panzer IV had more upgrade potential at that time and the roles of the two tanks were swapped.

But the Panzer III body still proofed to be useful for other designs, like the Flammepanzer III, Panzerbefehlswagen, Sturm-Infanteriegeschütz 33B, and even due the Panzer III was pushed aside for the Panzer IV, it hull was used the produce one of the successful tank destroyers the Germans produced, the StuG III.

The Ausf D was a prototype version and some saw action in Poland and Norway and you can see one at 0:06 this tank was extremely rare and approximately 25 were produced.
The Ausf. E was the fifth version of the Panzer III which had a redesigned suspension, with six larger roadwheels and 30 mm of armour all-round.
The Ausf. F was a improved Ausf. E and was the first Panzer 3 to be mass produced, the late production would be armed with 5 cm KwK 38 L/42 main gun.

Several versions would follow like the Ausf G and M and a total of 5,774 would be build after the production was stopped in 1943. Even due the production stopped the Panzer 3 would be used until the end of the war and saw service on all fronts.

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■ Information obtained from several sites.
■ Wikipedia
■ tanks-encyclopedia
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzers
■ preservedtanks
■ pantser.net
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

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The Japanese Type 95 Ha-Go was developed by the Japanese in 1930, as a replacement for the Type 89 Medium tank which could not keep up with the motorized infantry, which could move at 40 km/h by truck.
Tomio Hara of the Army Technical Bureau proposed a new light tank capable of 40 km/h speed and started development in 1933.

The first prototype would be tested in 1934, due to doubts by the infantry as to its capability for infantry support it was tested in Manchuria in the winter of 1934/1935.
The Type 95 was still superior to the available alternatives of the Type 92 cavalry tank and Type 94, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries started production of the tank in 1936 and Mass production began in 1938.

The Type 95 was a 7.4-ton vehicle with a complement of 3 crewmen: a commander, a hull machine gunner, and a driver. Only the commander was seated in the turret, hence he was responsible for observation, loading, aiming, firing the main gun, as well as decision-making and commanding the crew.

The tank was considered one of the best of its type in 1935, being armed with a 37 mm cannon, and powered by a diesel engine, a fuel considered by some to be superior due to its low volatility.
It would serve as cavalry reconnaissance and to a lesser extent, as raiding vehicles. Its speed was about 18 mph cross country, which was comparable to the M3 Stuart's 20 mph nearly 6 years later in 1941.
By 1941 it would be far inferior in armour but would still be a competitive
because of it's mobility on small roads of the islands it saw combat on.

Type 95 proved sufficient against opposing infantry in campaigns in Manchuria and China, however it was not designed to fight other tanks, but for infantry support, the hand-operated turret was small and extremely cramped and it short wheelbase made it a bit of a uncomfortable ride.

The Type 95 would be produced from 1936 until 1943 and would see action on almost all the the Japanese held island, it would be outclassed in anyway in the later staged of the war, by the Sherman tank.

Production number would reach 2,300 at the end of the war.

九五式軽戦車（きゅうごしきけいせんしゃ）は、1930年代中期に大日本帝国で開発・採用された戦車（軽戦車）。秘匿名称「ハ号」※「ハゴ」、「ハゴ車」は誤り。（「イ号」は八九式中戦車、「ロ号」は九五式重戦車）。

日本戦車としては最多の2,378輛が生産され、九七式中戦車 チハ（チハ車）とともに第二次世界大戦で活躍し、日本軍の代表的な軽戦車として知られている。

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■ Information obtained from several sites.
■ Wikipedia
■ tanks-encyclopedia
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzers
■ preservedtanks
■ pantser.net
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

■ Some music is from the YouTube Audio Library.

■ Music used:
EpidemicSound.com

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German truck set on fire by French resistance.

The liberation of Paris was a military battle that took place during World War II from 19 August 1944 until the German garrison surrendered the French capital on 25 August 1944. Paris had been occupied by Germany since the signing of the Second Compiègne Armistice on 22 June 1940, after which the Wehrmacht occupied northern and western France.

The liberation began when the French Forces of the Interior—the military structure of the French Resistance—staged an uprising against the German garrison upon the approach of the US Third Army, led by General George Patton. On the night of 24 August, elements of General Philippe Leclerc's 2nd French Armored Division made their way into Paris and arrived at the Hôtel de Ville shortly before midnight. The next morning, 25 August, the bulk of the 2nd Armored Division and US 4th Infantry Division and other allied units entered the city. Dietrich von Choltitz, commander of the German garrison and the military governor of Paris, surrendered to the French at the Hôtel Le Meurice, the newly established French headquarters. General Charles de Gaulle of the French Army arrived to assume control of the city as head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic.

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■ Information obtained from several sites.
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■ tanks-encyclopedia
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■ preservedtanks
■ pantser.net
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

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Footage is all AI colorized by computers and actual color footage was extremely rare in 1940-45.

The Panzer II AII, BII or CII (Pz.Kpfw. IIa IIb IIc) were limited production models and the Ausf A was the first version of the Panzer II to be built and several variants were made named AI and AII, but only 75 were produced from May 1936 to February 1937 by Daimler-Benz and MAN.
The BII variant was the second limited production vehicle, this version had reworked suspension components resulting in a wider track, longer hull, new drivetrain, engine and more armour, which resulted in a heavier vehicle and only 25 were produced by Daimler-Benz and MAN.
The CII saw the most upgrades on the suspension and six small road wheels with five larger independently sprung road wheels and an additional return roller were added making it look more like the Panzer II Ausf A that went into production in 1937.

The Panzer II Ausf D was developed as a tank for use in the cavalry divisions. It had a completely new hull and suspension system
but it was discontinued in favor of a new Flamme Panzer II project, and only a total of 43 were built from October 1938 through March 1939 by MAN, there was also a Ausf E version, but only 6 chassis were ever completed.

The Panzerkampfwagen 2 was originally designed as a stopgap tank, because the Panzer I wasn't capable of defeating armor. Development began in 1934 and production started in 1935.
But the Panzer II was already outdated in 1936, and had no protection against armour-piercing shells, wasn't designed for a modern battlefield and was designed with an WW1 mindset.

So over the years it was increasingly upgraded, specially the armour which changed the appearance of the vehicle from rounded to boxy shape, with the last Ausf F variant having 35 mm front armour and 20 mm side armour.

Even due the Panzer II was extremely outdated it was produced from 1935 until 1944 and 1,856 were made.

Several other variants were made like the Panzer II Ausf. L "Luchs" reconnaissance tank and a few Brückenleger (bridge-layer) and Bergepanzerwagen (recovery) versions were produced.

Another use for the obsolete Panzer II tank design was the chassis and it was used for the Marder II and the Wespe Self propelled guns.

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■ Information obtained from several sites.
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■ tanks-encyclopedia
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzers
■ preservedtanks
■ pantser.net
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

■ Some music is from the YouTube Audio Library.

■ Music used:
EpidemicSound.com

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The Japanese Type 97 Te-Ke was designated by the Japanese as a light armored car, it was developed by the Japanese in 1936, as a replacement for the Type 94.

The design of the Type 94 began in 1932 and it would be developed by Tokyo Gas and Electric Industry and in 1934 the first prototype was finished.
The production started in 1935 and it would enter service the same year.
It would be used for reconnaissance, supporting infantry attacks and transporting supplies.

The Type 97 looked similar in appearance, but the design of the Type 97 was different from the Type 94. To give the crew a better position to communicate with each other, the engine was moved to the rear and the gun turret moved to the middle of the vehicle, with the driver located to the left side of the hull.

The early 97 would have a 7.7 mm Type 97 machine gun and the later one would have had the 37 mm Type 94 tank gun, because of shortest of the 37mm gun.

The Type 97 would replaced the Type 94 in 1939, it was primarily assigned to reconnaissance regiments, and was not designed to engage enemy tanks.
It would see action in China during the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1938–1945, and it would do great against the smaller Chinese Italian CV33 tankettes. Their light weight enabled them to be transported easily across the sea or rivers.
But they would be decimated in the Battle of Nomonhan during the months of May through August in 1939 against the Red Army.

During WW2 they were used in the Battle of Malaya and the Battle of the Philippines, as its light weight enabled the tank to traverse unsupported bridges and ferry crossing that would be unable to take heavier tanks, and its small size allowed it to travel along the long winding and narrow roads in the area, with great success.

Even due they were obsolete they would be used still used until as late as 1945.
With the vehicle being extremely cheap to make, the production number reach 616 at the end of 1937.

九七式軽装甲車 テケ（きゅうななしきけいそうこうしゃ -）は、1930年代中後期に開発・採用された大日本帝国陸軍の装甲車。
日中戦争（支那事変）当時まで、手軽な豆戦車として使用され陸軍の機械化に大いに貢献した九四式軽装甲車（TK車）であったが、様々な欠点があった。そこで、後継となる改良型として開発されたのが本車（テケ車）である。

試作は、池貝自動車（現在の小松製作所川崎工場）が担当した。これは日本陸軍が戦車を三菱と日立にのみ作らせる方針のため、装甲車を他の企業に任せたためである。試作車は二形式が製造された。第一案は、操縦席右側に並列配置のフロントエンジン型（1937年9月完成）、第二案は通常のリアエンジン型（1937年11月完成）であった。フロントエンジンにすると、エンジンの高さに制約を受けること、車長と操縦手の連携が（騒音で）悪くなること、夏季に車内が（特に操縦席が）熱くなりすぎること、などから、リアエンジン型となった。

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■ Information obtained from several sites.
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■ tanks-encyclopedia
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzers
■ preservedtanks
■ pantser.net
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

■ Some music is from the YouTube Audio Library.

■ Music used:
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British soldiers testing several 88MM flak guns somewhere in Belgium.

These guns were captured after the entire fortification was abandoned by the Germans leaving several guns behind.

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■ preservedtanks
■ pantser.net
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

■ Some music is from the YouTube Audio Library.

■ Music used:
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Several rare vehicles filmed during the Battle of the Scheldt.

You can see vehicles like the Centaur and Crusader AA and the Canadian Ram tank.

Many surviving Crusader IIIs and Centaur tanks were converted as auxiliary mobile AA batteries.
The Crusader would have several anti air variants, one with only a 40 mm QF Bofors and the MKII and III, the III would get two Oerlikon 20 mm guns in the new MKII Anti Aircraft turret.
The Centaur would get the same turret as the Crusader III, called the Mk II turret, these were fitted with two 20 mm Polsten guns.
95 would be produced for the D-Day landings.

The Crusader AA would see more action in Normandy, and a few saw action in Europe, and the Netherlands.
But a as Allied air superiority proved sufficient, they would be less used at the front and more for defensive duties at Airfields and Ammo storage's.

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■ Information obtained from several sites.
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■ tanks-encyclopedia
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzers
■ preservedtanks
■ pantser.net
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

■ Some music is from the YouTube Audio Library.

■ Music used:
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The Panzerkampfwagen I Ausf A was a German tank that was used in the Second World War. It is the first operational German tank after the First World War.
Because of the Treaty of Versailles Germany wasn't allowed to develop any military vehicles, so it was developed as the Landwirtschaftlicher Schlepper based of the Leichttraktor, and started it's production in 1934, it wasn't a good tank because it had relatively weak armor and light armament, and a total of just over 1560 PzKpfw I tanks were made and saw action until the end of the war, but were mostly used for patrol or training use.

Production of the Ausf. B began in August 1936 and finished in summer 1937 after 399 had been built, it had a new water-cooled, six-cylinder Maybach NL 38 TR and a more reliable gearbox , the new engine required the extension of the vehicle's chassis by 40 cm, and this allowed the improvement of the tank's suspension, adding another bogie wheel.

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■ tanks-encyclopedia
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzers
■ preservedtanks
■ pantser.net
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

■ Some music is from the YouTube Audio Library.

■ Music used:
EpidemicSound.com

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The Japanese Type 94 tankette or designated light armored car by the Japanese, it was developed by the Japanese in 1920, after the army tested a variety of European light tanks, development of a new vehicle based largely on the Carden-Loyd Mk VI tankette design started in 1929.
The initial attempt resulted in the Type 92 Jyu-Sokosha for use by the cavalry.

The design of the Type 94 began in 1932 and it would be developed by Tokyo Gas and Electric Industry and in 1934 the first prototype was finished.
The production started in 1935 and it would enter service the same year.
It would be used for reconnaissance, supporting infantry attacks and transporting supplies.

The Type 94 was later superseded by the Type 97 Te-Ke tankette.
It would see action in China and proved to be effective for infantry support and reconnaissance by infantry divisions. But other then China and during WW2 the vehicle was seen as obsolete.

They would also see action in Burma, the Dutch East Indies and the Philippines, and even due they were obsolete they would be used still used until as late as 1945.
With the vehicle being extremely cheap to make, the production number reach 823 at the end of 1937.

九四式軽装甲車 TK（きゅうよんしきけいそうこうしゃTK）は、1930年代に日本陸軍が牽引車として開発した装甲車。日中戦争で実戦に投入され、いわゆる豆戦車として歩兵直協の役割も果たした。

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■ Information obtained from several sites.
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■ tanks-encyclopedia
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzers
■ preservedtanks
■ pantser.net
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

■ Some music is from the YouTube Audio Library.

■ Music used:
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Abandoned Krupp K5 railway gun Netherlands.

This K5 was abandoned with several other K5 railway guns in the Netherlands during the Battle of the Scheldt.

The Krupp K5 is a German 280 mm railway gun from the Second World War. The gun fired a 255 kg shell over a distance of nearly 70 km. It weighed 120 tons, including train undercarriage, and was 32 meters long. The gun was operated by a crew of 10 men. The guns have been deployed on almost every European front.

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■ Information obtained from several sites.
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■ tanks-encyclopedia
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzers
■ preservedtanks
■ pantser.net
■ the.shadock.free.fr/Tanks_in_France

■ Some music is from the YouTube Audio Library.

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