Russia 1942 ▶ Battles of Don / Stalingrad in Color (Part 2/5) Summer Offensive Sommeroffensive "Fall Blau" Eastern Front Битва за Сталинград Colorisation: HOWDY
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Subtitles: English, German Russian
01: Train Station; Stalingrad
02: 24th Tank Panzer Division; Don
03: 16th Tank Panzer Division Command Post, General of the tank troops Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Paulus; Stalingrad North
04: Heinkel He-111, Kampfgeschwader KG 27; Don
05: 305th Infantry Division, Sturmgeschütz StuG-Abteilung 205; Stalingrad Barricady Factory
06: Stalingrad South
07: Tram, пересечение Р-Крестьянской с Академической (Княгинской с Дубовской по старому); Stalingrad City
Straße "Рабоче-Крестьянская". Die Straßenbahn steht neben dem Haus Nummer 12.
Google maps: https://goo.gl/maps/TKtTMm8KGNqFLG7y9
48°41'43.9"N 44°29'50.3"E
08: Soviet HiWis (People willing to help); Stepp between Don and Stalingrad
09: Train Bridge near Train Station; Stalingrad
Сталингра́дская би́тва — одно из важнейших генеральных сражений Второй мировой и Великой Отечественной войн между Красной армией и вермахтом при поддержке армий стран «оси», закончившееся победой Вооружённых сил СССР. Битва происходила с 17 июля 1942 года по 2 февраля 1943 года на территории современных Воронежской, Ростовской, Волгоградской областей и Республики Калмыкии. Наступление войск нацистской Германии и её союзников продолжалось с 17 июля по 18 ноября 1942 года, его целью был захват большой излучины Дона, волгодонского перешейка и Сталинграда (современный Волгоград). Осуществление этого плана блокировало бы транспортное сообщение между центральными районами Союза ССР и Кавказом (см. Битва за Кавказ (1942—1943)), создало бы плацдарм для дальнейшего наступления с целью захвата кавказских месторождений нефти. За июль — ноябрь 1942 года Красной армии удалось заставить противника увязнуть в оборонительных боях, а до февраля 1943 года — окружить группировку немецко-фашистских захватчиков в результате контрнаступательной операции «Уран», отбить деблокирующий немецкий удар «Винтергевиттер» и сжать кольцо окружения к развалинам Сталинграда. Окружённая группировка 6-й армии капитулировала 2 февраля 1943 года, в том числе генерал-фельдмаршал Фридрих Паулюс и ещё 24 генерала вермахта.
Эта победа Красной армии, после череды поражений 1941—1942 годов, положила начало «коренному перелому» (перехвату советским командованием стратегической инициативы) не только в Великой Отечественной, но и во всей Второй мировой войне. Сталинградская битва стала одной из самых ожесточённых и кровопролитных в истории человечества по количеству суммарных безвозвратных потерь (убитые, умершие от ран в госпиталях, пропавшие без вести) воевавших сторон: РККА — 478 741 человек (323 856 человек — в оборонительной фазе сражения и 154 885 человек — в наступательной)[9], вермахт — около 300 000 человек, германские союзники (итальянцы, румыны, венгры, хорваты) — около 200 000 человек[10], численность погибшего городского населения невозможно установить даже приблизительно, но счёт идёт не менее чем на десятки тысяч. Военным значением победы стало снятие угрозы захвата вермахтом и его союзниками территорий Нижнего Поволжья и Кавказа, а также бакинских нефтяных месторождений. Следствием победы СССР в битве стало то, что Турция отказалась от вторжения в СССР весной 1943 года, Япония не предприняла планируемый Сибирский поход, Румыния (Михай I), Италия (Пьетро Бадольо), Венгрия (Миклош Каллаи) стали искать возможности для выхода из войны и заключения сепаратного мира с Великобританией и США. Согласно данным исследования ВЦИОМ, проведённого в январе 2018 года и приуроченного к 75-летию со дня разгрома фашистских войск в Сталинградской битве, 55 % опрошенных совершеннолетних россиян считают победу в Сталинградской битве решающим событием для исхода Великой Отечественной войны.

#history #ww2 #Stalingrad #Cталинград #Россия #Germany #military #worldwar #worldwar2 #war #ww #wwii #simplehistory #Paulus

000 Ukraine ▶ Ukraine on Fire - Kiev Maidan - Donbass Donetsk Lugansk

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183 Germany 1989 (GDR/DDR) ▶ Berlin Opening of the Berlin Wall Press Conference Günther Schabowski (09. November 89) Mauer Grenzöffnung
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Günter Schabowski was a German journalist and politician. He was editor-in-chief of the SED central organ Neues Deutschland in the German Democratic Republic from 1978 to 1985 and then First Secretary of the SED district leadership of East Berlin until 1989. Schabowski was a member of the SED Central Committee and the SED Politburo from 1981 until its dissolution in 1989. He was secretary for information from November 6, 1989. In this capacity, he gave a press conference on the evening of November 9, 1989, in the building at Mohrenstrasse 36-37, where he read from a piece of paper a new regulation on travel to Western countries for GDR citizens. This regulation, he replied to a reporter's question, would come into force "immediately, without delay" to his knowledge. This statement triggered a mass rush of GDR citizens to the border with West Berlin that same evening, so that the overtaxed GDR border guards opened the Wall unplanned after a few hours. Schabowski, along with two co-defendants, was sentenced to three years in prison for multiple manslaughter by the Berlin Regional Court in August 1997. He was one of the few former SED politicians who publicly acknowledged their share of responsibility for the dictatorial aspects of the GDR.
Günter Schabowski (* 4. Januar 1929 in Anklam; † 1. November 2015 in Berlin) war ein deutscher Journalist und Politiker. Er war in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik von 1978 bis 1985 Chefredakteur des SED-Zentralorgans Neues Deutschland und danach bis 1989 Erster Sekretär der SED-Bezirksleitung von Ost-Berlin. Schabowski gehörte dem Zentralkomitee der SED und dem SED-Politbüro von 1981 bis zu dessen Auflösung 1989 an. Er war ab dem 6. November 1989 Sekretär für Informationswesen. In dieser Funktion gab er am Abend des 9. Novembers 1989 eine Pressekonferenz im Gebäude Mohrenstraße 36–37. Dort las er von einem Zettel eine neue Regelung für Reisen ins westliche Ausland für DDR-Bürger ab. Diese Regelung trete, so antwortete er auf eine Reporterfrage, nach seinem Wissen „sofort, unverzüglich“ in Kraft. Diese Aussage löste noch am selben Abend einen Massenansturm von DDR-Bürgern auf die Grenze zu West-Berlin aus, sodass die überforderten DDR-Grenzer nach wenigen Stunden die Mauer ungeplant öffneten. Schabowski wurde im August 1997 mit zwei Mitangeklagten vom Berliner Landgericht wegen mehrfachen Totschlags zu drei Jahren Haft verurteilt. Er war einer der wenigen ehemaligen SED-Politiker, die sich öffentlich zu ihrer Mitverantwortung an den diktatorischen Aspekten der DDR bekannten.

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181 Canada 2022 ▶ Trucker Convoy for Freedom Ottawa Parliament Hill #FreedomConvoy2022
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#history #convoy #Canada #Ottawa #Trucker #truckers

180 Россия 1942 ▶ Сталинградская битва Битва за Сталинград Генерал Паулюс Вермахт Цвет - Советский Союз Вторая мировая война
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#Россия #Сталинград #Битва #Вермахт #Паулюс

174 Germany (GDR/DDR) 1961 ▶ Dresden after Bombing 1945 - Capital of Saxony Sachsen Blast Bombenangriff Luftangriff (Original comment 1961) Frauenkirche Altmarkt Schloss Semperoper Pionierpalast Zwinger Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister Brühlsche Terrasse Rathaus
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The bombing of Dresden was a British-American aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony, during World War II. In four raids between 13 and 15 February 1945, 722 heavy bombers of the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and 527 of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped more than 3,900 tons of high-explosive bombs and incendiary devices on the city. The bombing and the resulting firestorm destroyed more than 1,600 acres (6.5 km2) of the city centre. Three more USAAF air raids followed, two occurring on 2 March aimed at the city's railway marshalling yard and one smaller raid on 17 April aimed at industrial areas. Immediate German propaganda claims following the attacks and postwar discussions[6] of whether the attacks were justified have led to the bombing becoming one of the moral causes célèbres of the war. A 1953 United States Air Force report defended the operation as the justified bombing of a strategic target, which they noted was a major rail transport and communication centre, housing 110 factories and 50,000 workers in support of the German war effort. Several researchers claim that not all of the communications infrastructure, such as the bridges, were targeted, nor were the extensive industrial areas which were located outside the city centre. Critics of the bombing have asserted that Dresden was a cultural landmark while downplaying its strategic significance, and claim that the attacks were indiscriminate area bombing and not proportionate to the military gains. Some have claimed that the raid constituted a war crime. Some refer to the bombing as a mass murder, calling it "Dresden's Holocaust of bombs" In the decades since the war, large variations in the claimed death toll have fuelled the controversy, though the numbers themselves are no longer a major point of contention among historians. : 334, 482  In March 1945, the German government ordered its press to publish a falsified casualty figure of 200,000 for the Dresden raids, and death tolls as high as 500,000 have been claimed. The realistic number of casualties is about 35,000.

history, ww2, Germany, Dresden, Sachsen, Saxony, Zwinger, Frauenkirche, Bombing, Blast
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161 Russia 1943 ▶ Battle of Stalingrad Capitulation (Part 1) Red Army Offensive Pocket 6th Army POW (Januar / February 43)
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The Battle of Stalingrad is one of the most famous battles of the Second World War. The annihilation of the German 6th Army and allied troops in the winter of 1942/1943 is considered the psychological turning point of the German-Soviet War begun by the German Reich in June 1941. The industrial site of Stalingrad was originally an operational objective of the German war effort and was intended to serve as a launching point for the actual advance into the Caucasus. Following the German attack on the city in late summer 1942, as many as 300,000 Wehrmacht and allied troops were encircled by the Red Army as a result of a Soviet counteroffensive in November. Hitler decided that German troops should hold out and wait for a relief offensive, but this failed as part of Operation Wintergewitter in December 1942. Although the situation of the inadequately supplied soldiers in the Kessel was hopeless, Hitler and the military leadership insisted on continuing the casualty-laden fighting. Most of the soldiers stopped fighting at the end of January/beginning of February 1943, partly on orders and partly for lack of material and food, and went into captivity without an official surrender. About 10,000 scattered soldiers, hiding in cellars and sewers, continued their resistance until early March 1943. Of the approximately 110,000 soldiers of the Wehrmacht and allied troops who were taken prisoner, only a few thousand returned home. In the course of the fighting for the city, over 700,000 people were killed, most of them Red Army soldiers. Although there were major operational defeats of the German Wehrmacht during World War II, Stalingrad gained special significance as a German and Soviet memorial. More than any other battle of the Second World War, the battle is still anchored in the collective memory.
By "Operation Uranus", which started on the morning of November 19, 1942, the troops of the Wehrmacht were surrounded by Soviet forces within five days. These had broken through the lines of the Romanian 3rd Army in the west on the Don front under Rokossovsky and on the southwest front under Vatutin, as well as through the lines of the Romanian 4th Army in the southeast on the Stalingrad front under Andrei Ivanovich Yeryomenko. For this purpose, first from the Don bridgehead of Serafimovich the 5th Panzer Army (General Romanenko) and from the bridgehead of Kletskaya the 21st Army (from October 14 under Lieutenant General Chistyakov) each started to break through to the south. The Romanian 3rd Army (General Petre Dumitrescu) facing them could not hold out for long, as it had to secure an overstretched flank and was insufficiently equipped for the task. Thus, to defend against the Soviet tanks, these units had mainly 3.7-cm PaK drawn by horse-drawn vehicles, which were practically ineffective against the Soviet T-34 tanks. The Red Army advance proceeded rapidly, in part because bad weather prevailed at the time of "Operation Uranus" and the German Luftwaffe was unable to intervene. When the weather improved, the Luftwaffe found itself unaccustomed to the defensive, as this battle saw the first use of the Lavochkin La-5 in larger numbers, a type of aircraft with comparable performance to the German Fw 190 and thus capable of providing effective cover for its own strike aircraft. Behind the Romanian 3rd Army was the XXXXVIII Panzer Corps, consisting of the 22nd German and the 1st Romanian Panzer Divisions. On Hitler's orders, it was thrown to the Soviet troops to stabilize the situation. The armored corps, primarily equipped with completely obsolete Czech 38(t) armored fighting vehicles, lay in readiness in barns and stables. Mice, massing in the straw, had eaten their way through the vehicles' coverings and electrical cables, leaving only about 30 tanks ready for action, which, due to their small numbers and fairly low combat strength, were unable to stop the Red Army's attack. The commander of that tank corps, Ferdinand Heim, served as a scapegoat in retrospect, was expelled from the Wehrmacht, and was not entrusted with a command in Boulogne again until 1944.

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158 Germany (GDR DDR) 1959 ▶ Dresden Ruins in Color - after 1945 bombing by RAF Royal Air Force and US Army Air Force Bombenangriff
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157 Germany 1942 ▶ Adolf Hitler Speech Sportpalast Berlin (Part 2) Rede Adolf Hitlers anlässlich der Eröffnung des 4. Kriegswinterhilfswerkes im Berliner Sportpalast (September 30, 1942)
Unternehmen Barbarossa / Fall Blau Battle of Stalingrad - Eastern Front Logistics
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Subtitles: English
Hitler's great misjudgements and overestimation of his own capabilities regarding the situation on the Eastern Front at the end of 1942 cost Millions of human lives. Massive military and logistical mistakes were made, such as widely overrun front lines, lack of equipment and motorization, lack of supplies.
»This video has been uploaded to accurately document history. No political agenda is propagandised or supported via this uploading. There is absolutely no intention of some racist Flamewar to be instigated.«
Part 2: "There are ten thousands and again ten thousands of kilometers of railroads that we either will repair or which we have already repaired a long time ago, thanks to the diligence, hard work, and dedication of many ten thousands of German soldiers, railroad engineers, men of the Todt organization and other organizations, the Reich labor service and so on. The huge traffic network, which today runs on German gauges for the most part, was completely destroyed. Not hundreds, but thousands of bridges had to be newly built, craters or mines had to be eliminated, crossings had to be newly set up. All this was accomplished in a few months or will be finished in a few weeks. Now, my party comrades, you will understand one thing: when people on our enemies’ side say, “Why did they stop all of a sudden?” then I can only reply, because we are careful. Because we do not run to Benghazi only to have to run back again, but because we stop somewhere until our supply lines are back in order. Of course, people who lack military schooling cannot understand this. That is why they do not have any successes. Anybody who has a little bit of military knowledge will admit that what we conquered in terms of space in a few months is unique in world history. I am also saying this because it is possible here, too, that there is some old reactionary Philistine (Spiesser), who says, “Yes, what does this amount to, they have already been standing there for eight days.” Yes, my dear Philistine, you don’t understand. You should go first and put traffic back in order. I know that the German Volk in its entirety has had up to now such boundless faith in its military leaders and in the accomplishments of its soldiers that it knows that it knows exactly that without reason is never stopped.) Not only do we put traffic in order on the tracks, but we must also build roads since the “blessed land of proletarians and peasants” regrettably does not have any roads, but only fragments of roads. This must also be built. The first truly mighty roads are being built now by our organizations there. In some areas, roads must be built through swamps that in former times were held to be impassable. If someone says, “but the Russian managed to get through” - well, he is a type of swamp-man (Sumpfmensch) and no European, that we must admit. For us, it is more difficult to advance in this swamp than for this people born in a morass! Secondly: behind this, we are also organizing agriculture. After all, the area is supposed to be developed, and that is not easy, since it is not a question of simply sowing and harvesting. Rather, it is a question of making use of, that is, transporting these products across vast distances to a railroad, where they can be loaded. Finally, we must restructure part of this economy: thousands of tractors which were either damaged or eliminated must be improved or replaced with other means. I can only tell you: what has been accomplished here is simply incredible! While the front is fighting, a few kilometers behind it the same soldiers work with sickle and scythe, cultivate the fields again, and behind them the operational staffs of our agricultural organizations move up. Luckily, we are already able to make accessible to the German Volk the first, modest gains from this action. Rest assured, we are only beginning. The whole of last year was a year of fighting, a gruesome winter followed, and now we are fighting again. As early as next year this area will be organized in a completely different manner. You can rest assured of this, we know how to put something like that in order...

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126 Soviet Union 1942 ▶ Battles of Kharkov / Don / Stalingrad (1) 384.Infanterie-Division Transfer to the Eastern (Spring 42) Front; Division Commander: Freiherrr von Gablenz; Division Documentary: Eumig C3 8mm Camera, Gefreiter Walter Ungerböck (Österreich), Heeresfilmstelle
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121 Soviet Union 1941/42 ▶ „Unternehmen Barbarossa“ (11) 2.Panzerarmee Panzergruppe Guderian (Winter)
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Part 11:

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Germany 1930s ▶ Calendar 2022: Dresden in the 1930s Vol. 1 (limited edition) Capital of Saxony Sachsen in rare photos
Wall calendar DIN A3 quer Elbflorenz Kalendarium Wandkalender
order: germanhistoryarchive@gmx.net
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High quality printing

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113 Germany (GDR/DDR) 1989 ▶ NVA Army Parade - Erich Honnecker and Michail Gorbachev (07.10.1989) East German Republic Day / 40. Jahrestag der Republik
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The East German Republic Day Parade of 1989 (Ehrenparade der Nationalen Volksarmee zum 40. Jahrestag der DDR 1989) was a parade on Karl-Marx-Allee (between Strausberger Platz and Alexanderplatz) in East Berlin on 7 October 1989 commemorating the 40th anniversary of the establishment of East Germany. This was the last East German Republic Day Parade and the last major East German political event with the regime falling mere weeks later. In Germany, this parade is remembered as the end of "the great period of military parades". Defense Minister Army General Heinz Kessler inspected the parade while accompanied by Deputy Minister of Defense Army General Horst Stechbarth who commanded the parade. Military bands from the Military Music Service of the National People's Army representing three of the four services of the Nationale Volksarmee and the Corps of Drums of the Friedrich Engels Guard Regiment performed the military marches at the parade, including the Präsentiermasrch nationalevolksarmee and te Parademarsch № 1 der Nationalen Volksarmee. The event was accompanied by protests and more than 1,000 demonstrators were arrested. The direct transmission on television of the GDR was commented by the reporter Bert Sprafke. There was also a naval parade (Flottenparade) of the NVA's Volksmarine in the port city of Rostock. It was led by Admiral Theodor Hoffmann, Commander of the Volksmarine.
Attendees and international guests:
East Germany General Secretary National Defense Council Chairman Erich Honecker
East Germany Prime Minister Willi Stoph
East Germany Volkskammer President Horst Sindermann
East Germany Minister of Defense Army General Heinz Kessler
East Germany Minister of National Education and Spouse of the Chairman of the State Council Margot Honecker
East Germany Secretary of the Magdeburg District Committee of the SED Werner Eberlein
Soviet Union Soviet Chairman and Communist Party General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his wife Raisa Gorbacheva
Romania Romanian President Nicolae Ceausescu
Bulgaria Bulgarian Chairman Todor Zhivkov
Mongolia Mongolian Chairman and People's Revolutionary Party General Secretary Jambyn Batmönkh
Poland Polish President Wojciech Jaruzelski
Poland Polish United Workers' Party First Secretary Mieczysław Rakowski
Nicaragua Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovak Communist Party First Secretary Miloš Jakeš
Palestine Liberation Organization Palestinian Leader Yasser Arafat

DDR Germany GDR 1989 NVA army Parade Honnecker parade history military Gorbachev Michail Gorbatschow tank Panzer

Afghanistan 2001 ▶ "Diary from Kabul" (November / December 2001) German Journalistic Reports during the War
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#history #war #Afghanistan #military #Germany #USA #Taliban #Pakistan #historic #historia #historymemes

The War in Afghanistan stems from the United States invasion of Afghanistan on 7 October 2001, when the United States of America and its allies successfully drove the Taliban from power in order to deny Al-Qaeda a safe base of operations in Afghanistan. Since the initial objectives were completed, a coalition of over 40 countries (including all NATO members) formed a security mission in the country called International Security Assistance Force (ISAF, succeeded by the Resolute Support Mission (RS) in 2014), of which certain members were involved in military combat allied with Afghanistan's government. The war has afterwards mostly consisted of Taliban insurgents[66] fighting against the Afghan Armed Forces and allied forces; the majority of ISAF/RS soldiers and personnel are American. The war is code named by the U.S. as Operation Enduring Freedom (2001–14) and Operation Freedom's Sentinel (2015–present); it is the longest war in U.S. history. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001 on the U.S., which was carried out by the Al-Qaeda terrorist organization led by Osama bin Laden, who was living or hiding in Afghanistan and had already been wanted since the 1998 United States embassy bombings, President George W. Bush demanded that the Taliban, who were de facto ruling Afghanistan, hand over bin Laden. The Taliban declined to extradite him unless they were provided clear evidence of his involvement in the attacks, which the U.S. refused to provide and dismissed as a delaying tactic. On October 7, 2001 the United States, with the United Kingdom, launched Operation Enduring Freedom. To justify the War, the Bush administration claimed that Afghanistan only had "selective sovereignty", and that intervention was necessary because the Taliban threatened the sovereignty of other states. The two were later joined by other forces, including the Northern Alliance – the Afghan opposition which had been fighting the Taliban in the ongoing civil war since 1996. By December 2001, the Taliban and their Al-Qaeda allies were mostly defeated in the country, and at the Bonn Conference new Afghan interim authorities (mostly from the Northern Alliance) elected Hamid Karzai to head the Afghan Interim Administration. The United Nations Security Council established the ISAF to assist the new authority with securing Kabul, which after a 2002 loya jirga (grand assembly) became the Afghan Transitional Administration. A nationwide rebuilding effort was also made following the end of the totalitarian Taliban regime. In the popular elections of 2004, Karzai was elected president of the country, now named the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. NATO became involved in ISAF in August 2003, and later that year assumed leadership of it. At this stage, ISAF included troops from 43 countries with NATO members providing the majority of the force.
Following defeat in the initial invasion, the Taliban was reorganized by its leader Mullah Omar, and launched an insurgency against the Afghan government and ISAF in 2003. Though outgunned and outnumbered, insurgents from the Taliban (and its ally Haqqani Network)—and to a lesser extent Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin and other groups—waged asymmetric warfare with guerrilla raids and ambushes in the countryside, suicide attacks against urban targets, and turncoat killings against coalition forces. The Taliban exploited weaknesses in the Afghan government to reassert influence across rural areas of southern and eastern Afghanistan. From 2006 the Taliban made significant gains and showed an increased willingness to commit atrocities against civilians – ISAF responded by increasing troops for counter-insurgency operations to "clear and hold" villages. Violence sharply escalated from 2007 to 2009.[84] Troop numbers began to surge in 2009 and continued to increase through 2011 when roughly 140,000 foreign troops operated under ISAF and U.S. command in Afghanistan. Of these 100,000 were from the U.S. On 1 May 2011, United States Navy SEALs killed Osama bin Laden in Abbotabad, Pakistan. NATO leaders in 2012 commended an exit strategy for withdrawing their forces, and later the United States announced that its major combat operations would end in December 2014, leaving a residual force in the country. In October 2014, British forces handed over the last bases in Helmand to the Afghan military, officially ending their combat operations in the war.
Over 100,000 people have been killed in the war, including more than 4,000 ISAF soldiers and civilian contractors, more than 62,000 Afghan national security forces, 31,000 civilians and even more Taliban.

史達林格勒戰役 第二次世界大战
苏德战争（蓝色行动）期间，这里是著名蓝色行动（1942年6月28日—11月18日）以及包括天王星行动（1942年11月19日—11月22日）、土星行动（1942年12月12日—1943年2月19日）（总共是1942年6月28日—1943年2月19日）的斯大林格勒保卫战的战场。纳粹德国在1941年7月7日—9月26日的基辅防御战役之后占领左岸乌克兰，之后俄罗斯南部的斯大林格勒成了苏联中央地区通向南方重要经济区域的咽喉，战略地位十分重要，加上这座城市是以当时苏联的最高领袖命名的，因此斯大林格勒的得失对战局和人心都会产生巨大的影响。战争中24万余纳粹德国德意志国防军陆军及其罗马尼亚王国盟友的士兵和47.87万人苏联红军阵亡，平民伤亡不计其数。斯大林格勒全市90%的建筑被毁，但纳粹德国国防军陆军只是占领了这里二个月。1943年3月之后苏联迅速重建斯大林格勒。1945年斯大林格勒和其他三座城市（列宁格勒、塞瓦斯托波尔和敖德萨）成为第一批“英雄城市”。
German History Archive ▶ 德国历史档案
15分鐘講完二次世界大戰

Russia 1942/43 ▶ Battles of Don and Stalingrad - Axis Commanders 6th Army 4th Tank Army (Part 1)
German History Archive ▶
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Generals and officers with their last ranks:
01: Lieutenant General Arthur Schmidt - Chief of General Staff AOK 6 / 6th Army (1895 Hamburg - 1987 Karlsruhe)
02: General Oberst Karl Strecker - Commanding General XI Army Corps (1884 Radmannsdorf - 1973 Riezlern)
03: Lieutenant General Günther Angern - Commander 16th Tank Division (1893 Kolberg - 1943 Stalingrad KIA)
04: Lieutenant General Georg Pfeiffer - Commander 94th Infantry Division (1880 Wendessen - 1944 Mogilev KIA)
05: Lieutenant General Werner Sanne - Commander 100th Hunter Division (1889 Berlin - 1952 Krasnopol POW)
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01: Generalleutnant Arthur Schmidt - Chef des Generalstabes AOK 6 / 6. Armee (1895 Hamburg - 1987 Karlsruhe)
02: Generaloberst Karl Strecker - Kommandierender General XI. Armeekorps (1884 Radmannsdorf - 1973 Riezlern)
03: Generalleutnant Günther Angern - Kommandeur 16. Panzer-Division (1893 Kolberg - 1943 Stalingrad KIA)
04: Generalleutnant Georg Pfeiffer - Kommandeur 94. Infanterie-Division (1880 Wendessen - 1944 Mogilev KIA)
05: Generalleutnant Werner Sanne - Kommandeur 100. Jäger-Division (1889 Berlin - 1952 Krasnopol POW)

Battle of Stalingrad simple history

Russia 1942 ▶ Battle of Stalingrad - original city map staff Stab 6. Armee

Germany 1940 ▶ KL Buchenwald Concentration Camp Konzentrationslager - Wachmannschaften Command Koch / Security Guards SS Totenkopf Command Wachverband Sturmbann V „Thüringen“ Lagerkommandant Karl Otto Koch
German History Archive ▶
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Buchenwald concentration camp (German: KL Konzentrationslager) was a German Nazi concentration camp established on Ettersberg hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937, one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps on German soil, following Dachau's opening just over four years earlier. Prisoners from all over Europe and the Soviet Union—Jews, Poles and other Slavs, the mentally ill and physically-disabled from birth defects, religious and political prisoners, Roma and Sinti, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses (then called Bible Students), criminals, homosexuals, and prisoners of war—worked primarily as forced labor in local armaments factories. From 1945 to 1950, the camp was used by the Soviet occupation authorities as an internment camp, known as NKVD special camp number 2. Today the remains of Buchenwald serve as a memorial and permanent exhibition and museum. The SS constructed Buchenwald concentration camp in 1937. The camp was liberated by the U.S Army on 11 April 1945. Dwight D. Eisenhower, the supreme commander of the Allied Forces, later wrote, "Nothing has ever shocked me as much as that sight." Between 1945 and 1950, it was used under Communists by the Soviet Union as an NKVD special camp for German prisoners. On January 6, 1950, the Soviet authorities handed over the Buchenwald camp to the East German Ministry of Internal Affairs. The camp was to be named KZ Ettersberg, but this was changed to Buchenwald, after the beech forest which surrounds it, since "Ettersberg" carried associations with the enlightenment writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), an iconic figure in German culture. He lived in nearby Weimar and took walks through the woods in the area. According to modern folklore, he wrote some of his works under the so-called Goethe Oak, the only tree on the site to survive the construction of the camp. However, the Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation say that the name 'Goethe Oak' was simply an epithet made up by the inmates of the camp in commemoration of Goethe. The tree was destroyed by allied bombing in 1944. Written in the camp's main entrance gate is the motto “Jedem das Seine“ (English:To each his own). The SS intrepreted this to mean the 'superior race' had a right to humiliate and destroy others. It is embedded in the metal gate so that it can be read properly from inside the camp, rather than when standing outside. Between April 1938 and April 1945, some 238,380 people of various nationalities including 350 Western Allied prisoners of war (POW)s were incarcerated in Buchenwald. Wachsmann and the Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation place the number of deaths at 56,000, not including all those prisoners who died in another Camp after having overcome the death march from Buchenwald. During an American bombing raid on August 24, 1944 that was directed at a nearby armaments factory, several bombs, including incendiaries, also fell on the camp, resulting in heavy casualties among prisoners (2,000 prisoners wounded and 388 killed by the raid). Today the remains of the camp serve as a memorial and permanent exhibition and museum administered by the Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation, which also oversees the camp's memorial at Mittelbau-Dora.

Wachtrupp SS Totenkopf Ilse Karl Otto Koch World War Weltkrieg Holocaust Shoah Nazi Ilse Koch Die Hexe von Buchenwald KZ Konzentrationslager Concentration Camp World War 2 II Google Youtube Video simple history

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Russia 1942 ▶ Battle of Stalingrad

Poland / Soviet Union 1940 ▶ Katyn Massacre by Soviet NKVD - Exhumation Mass Grave 1943
21,768 Polish Officers executed in Katyn forest massacre by the Soviet NKVD - April 1940 - Joseph Stalin Lavrentiy Beria
German History Archive ▶
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Katyn Massacre:
Mass execution of Polish military officers by the Soviet Union during World War II. The discovery of the massacre precipitated the severance of diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and the Polish government-in-exile in London. After Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union concluded their Nonaggression Pact of 1939 and Germany invaded Poland from the west, Soviet forces occupied the eastern half of Poland. As a consequence of this occupation, tens of thousands of Polish military personnel fell into Soviet hands and were interned in prison camps inside the Soviet Union. But after the Germans invaded the Soviet Union (June 1941), the Polish government-in-exile (located in London) and the Soviet government agreed to cooperate against Germany, and a Polish army on Soviet territory was to be formed. The Polish general Władysław Anders began organizing this army, but when he requested that 15,000 Polish prisoners of war whom the Soviets had once held at camps near Smolensk be transferred to his command, the Soviet government informed him in December 1941 that most of those prisoners had escaped to Manchuria and could not be located. The fate of the missing prisoners remained a mystery. Then on April 13, 1943, the Germans announced that they had discovered mass graves of Polish officers in the Katyn forest near Smolensk, in western Russian S.F.S.R. A total of 4,443 corpses were recovered that had apparently been shot from behind and then piled in stacks and buried. Investigators identified the corpses as the Polish officers who had been interned at a Soviet prison camp near Smolensk and accused the Soviet authorities of having executed the prisoners in May 1940. In response to these charges, the Soviet government claimed that the Poles had been engaged in construction work west of Smolensk in 1941 and the invading German army had killed them after overrunning that area in August 1941. But both German and Red Cross investigations of the Katyn corpses then produced firm physical evidence that the massacre took place in early 1940, at a time when the area was still under Soviet control. The Polish government-in-exile in London requested that the International Committee of the Red Cross examine the graves and also asked the Soviet government to provide official reports on the fates of the remaining missing prisoners. The Soviet government refused these demands, and on April 25, 1943, the Soviets broke diplomatic relations with the Polish government in London. The Soviets then set about establishing a Polish government-in-exile composed of Polish communists.
The Katyn Massacre left a deep scar in Polish-Soviet relations during the remainder of the war and afterward. For Poles, Katyn became a symbol of the many victims of Stalinism. Although a 1952 U.S. congressional inquiry concluded that the Soviet Union had been responsible for the massacre, Soviet leaders insisted for decades that the Polish officers found at Katyn had been killed by the invading Germans in 1941. This explanation was accepted without protest by successive Polish communist governments until the late 1980s, when the Soviet Union allowed a noncommunist coalition government to come to power in Poland. In March 1989 this government officially shifted the blame for the Katyn Massacre from the Germans to the Soviet secret police, the NKVD. In 1992 the Russian government released documents proving that the Soviet Politburo and the NKVD had been responsible for the massacre and cover-up and revealing that there may have been more than 20,000 victims. In 2000 a memorial was opened at the site of the killings in Katyn.

Google НКВД NKVD Youtube Polen Poland Soviet Union Execution
Katyn massacre zbrodnia katyńska Polish prisoners of war Soviet NKVD Lavrentiy Beria Joseph Stalin crime genocide ww2 Bolshevism Bolshevists Bolsheviks Poland General Sikorski Molotov Barbarossa,

Germany 1945 ▶ Dresden Blast February 13-15 Unsere Städte - Der Bombenkrieg in Mitteldeutschland
Dresden bombing 1945. February 13-15, 1945
https://youtu.be/0QdB_m2A3fs
original footage: German History Archive
USAAF US Army Air Force and RAF Royal Air Force

Germany 1945 ▶ Dresden Blast 1945, 13-15 February, by USAAF US Army Air Force and RAF Royal Air Force (Part 1)
Bombing of Dresden, capital of Saxony, „Moral Bombing“ of civilian targets. British sources and journalists speak of about 100,000 dead (original documents 1946 by German History Archive). The attacks on Dresden were carried out in several waves and alternately by the US Army Air Force and the RAF Royal Air Force. Further air raids on Dresden were already carried out in January 1945 and April 1945, here also with thousands of dead. At the time of the bombing, the city was overcrowded with refugees from the eastern regions of present-day Poland (Silesia, Pomerania, Eastern Prussia) and Czech Republik (Sudetenland). Numerous prisoners of war were in the city. Dresden was an important hub for transports by rail to the Eastern front, but had no significant air defence, since the Wehrmacht leadership did not expect any attacks on this important cultural city. Many German refugees came to Dresden because the city was considered safe from air raids.
https://www.facebook.com/314419175632381/posts/730109377396690/
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Deutschland - Bombenangriffe auf Dresden, Hauptstadt von Sachsen 13.-15.Februar 1945
Britische Quellen und Journalisten sprechen im Jahr 1946 von etwa 100.000 Toten (originale Dukumente: German History Archive).
Die Angriffe auf Dresden wurden in mehreren Wellen und abwechselnd in Tag- und Nachtangriffen durch die US Army Air Force und die RAF Royal Air Force durchgeführt. Weitere Luftangriffe auf Dresden wurden bereits im Januar 1945 und im April 1945 durchgeführt, hier ebenfalls mit vielen Opfern. Die Stadt war zum Zeitpuunkt der Bombardierungen überfüllt mit Flüchtlingen aus den Ostgebieten Schlesien, Pommern, Ostpreußen und dem Sudetenland. Zahlreiche Kriegsgefangene waren ebenfalls in der Stadt. Dresden war wichtiger Knotenpunkt für Transporte per Eisenbahn an die Ostfront, hatte aber keine nennenswerte Luftverteidigung, da die Führung der Wehrmacht von keinen Angriffen auf diese wichtige und bedeutende Kulturstadt ausging. Viele deutsche Flüchtlinge kamen nach Dresden, weil die Stadt als sicher vor Luftangriffen galt.
#WeRemember #dresden

Germany 1935 ▶ Unsere neue Wehrmacht (Panzertruppen Tank Troops)
The Wehrmacht (defence force) was the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air force). The designation "Wehrmacht" replaced the previously used term Reichswehr, and was the manifestation of the Nazi regime's efforts to rearm Germany to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted. After the Nazi rise to power in 1933, one of Adolf Hitler's most overt and audacious moves was to establish the Wehrmacht, a modern offensively-capable armed force, fulfilling the Nazi regime's long-term goals of regaining lost territory as well as gaining new territory and dominating its neighbors. This required the reinstatement of conscription, and massive investment and defense spending on the arms industry.
https://www.facebook.com/GermanHistory/videos/380699129534796/
German History Archive

Germany 1940 ▶ Buchenwald Concentration Camp KL Konzentrationslager Wachmannschaften Security Guards Totenkopf Command Wachverband Sturmbann V „Thüringen“ Lagerkommandant Karl Otto Koch
Buchenwald concentration camp (German: KL Konzentrationslager) was a German Nazi concentration camp established on Ettersberg hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937, one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps on German soil, following Dachau's opening just over four years earlier. Prisoners from all over Europe and the Soviet Union—Jews, Poles and other Slavs, the mentally ill and physically-disabled from birth defects, religious and political prisoners, Roma and Sinti, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses (then called Bible Students), criminals, homosexuals, and prisoners of war—worked primarily as forced labor in local armaments factories. From 1945 to 1950, the camp was used by the Soviet occupation authorities as an internment camp, known as NKVD special camp number 2. Today the remains of Buchenwald serve as a memorial and permanent exhibition and museum. The SS constructed Buchenwald concentration camp in 1937. The camp was liberated by the U.S Army on 11 April 1945. Dwight D. Eisenhower, the supreme commander of the Allied Forces, later wrote, "Nothing has ever shocked me as much as that sight." Between 1945 and 1950, it was used under Communists by the Soviet Union as an NKVD special camp for German prisoners. On January 6, 1950, the Soviet authorities handed over the Buchenwald camp to the East German Ministry of Internal Affairs. The camp was to be named KZ Ettersberg, but this was changed to Buchenwald, after the beech forest which surrounds it, since "Ettersberg" carried associations with the enlightenment writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), an iconic figure in German culture. He lived in nearby Weimar and took walks through the woods in the area. According to modern folklore, he wrote some of his works under the so-called Goethe Oak, the only tree on the site to survive the construction of the camp. However, the Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation say that the name 'Goethe Oak' was simply an epithet made up by the inmates of the camp in commemoration of Goethe. The tree was destroyed by allied bombing in 1944. Written in the camp's main entrance gate is the motto “Jedem das Seine“ (English:To each his own). The SS intrepreted this to mean the 'superior race' had a right to humiliate and destroy others. It is embedded in the metal gate so that it can be read properly from inside the camp, rather than when standing outside. Between April 1938 and April 1945, some 238,380 people of various nationalities including 350 Western Allied prisoners of war (POW)s were incarcerated in Buchenwald. Wachsmann and the Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation place the number of deaths at 56,000, not including all those prisoners who died in another Camp after having overcome the death march from Buchenwald. During an American bombing raid on August 24, 1944 that was directed at a nearby armaments factory, several bombs, including incendiaries, also fell on the camp, resulting in heavy casualties among prisoners (2,000 prisoners wounded and 388 killed by the raid).
Today the remains of the camp serve as a memorial and permanent exhibition and museum administered by the Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation, which also oversees the camp's memorial at Mittelbau-Dora.
credit: German History Archive